gokai changes

I've done what I could to collect as much accurate information about all of Luka's usual changes in the series and what they're capable of doing. Some of the older series (Fiveman, for example, or Dynaman, and most everything from the 80s) have very little available detail out there and aren't readily available for watching anymore, so some of this is a little incomplete. I'll fill in the gaps as more becomes available.

AbareYellow

→ The Abarangers' suits are completely impervious to bullets, radiation and extreme heat, and can absorb up to 90% of the shock from a direct missile attack. They can also go into "Abare Mode," in which their suit markings convert to hard armor plating and spikes. AbareYellow's Abare Mode includes wings.
→ Abarangers carry a sidearm called the Aba Laser, which can switch between gun and sword modes. In gun mode, it discharges energy bullets that can penetrate concrete up to a meter thick. In sword mode, the blade can cut through 50 centimeters of pure steel.

→ AbareYellow's personal weapons are the Ptera Daggers, used for hand-to-hand combat and a special attack, the Ptera Spin Crash.

BoukenYellow

→ The Boukengers' transformation devices, the Accellulars, can be used as blacklights and as scanning devices to determine how hazardous an object or area is. Their helmets have headlights over the visor which provide illumination and counter the effects of hypnotism. They also have turn signals. For some reason.
→ The sidearm for the Boukengers is called the Survi-Buster in its gun mode and a Survi-Blade in its sword mode.
→ The Boukengers also come equipped with a Scope Shot; this is a Swiss Army Knife-like devide that can fire any manner of survival tool like grappling hooks, magnets, emergency flares, small parachutes, and can be used as a small telescope. They can also combine with the Survi-Buster to switch it into Sniper Mode, and fire off BoukenChips, metallic chips with messages that can only be read by using the blacklight from the Accellular.
→ BoukenYellow's special tools are the Bucket Scoopers. They resemble bulldozer buckets and are used to deliver two different kinds of punching attacks: the Scooper Punch, with the force to break off cliff walls, and the Scooper Phantom, a powerful uppercut. 

DekaYellow

→ DekaYellow's SP License (the transformation device held by all Dekarangers) employs a special attack called "Mirage Dimension." This attack creates illusions and traps enemies in a yellow energy sphere which shrinks and can destroy the enemy.
→ Dekarangers all have two standard sidearms that can combine: a D-Stick/D-Rod and a D-Knuckle. The D-Knuckle is pretty self-explanatory, and the D-Sticks and D-Rods resemble nightsticks and can be used for melee attacks. They combine with one another to form weapons unique to each Dekaranger. DekaYellow's D-Knuckle and D-Stick combination, the D-Shot, is one of the more versatile combinations.

DenjiYellow

→ Each Denjiman is armed with a Denji Stick. These combine into the Denjiboomerang and are all used in their special Electronic Lightning Fall attack.

DynaYellow

→ When a Dynaman flexes their arms, their biceps enlarge, allowing them to deliver a powerful punch.
→ The team's sidearm is called the Dyna Rod; it fires an attack that is specific to each Dynaman, but it isn't a "special" attack.
→ DynaYellow's personal weapons are called the Chain Crushers; they are a pair of ball-and-chain flails.

FiveYellow

→ Each Fiveman carries a sidearm called a Five Blaster, which has a gun and a sword mode. The Power Grip of the Five Blaster can be detached to upgrade their personal weapons.
→ FiveYellow's personal weapon is called the Melody Tact. Altered with the Power Grip, it becomes the Yellow Flute.

GaoYellow

→ The Gaorangers' suits come equipped with gloves that have (seemingly) retractable claws for hand-to-hand combat.
→ The standard weapon of the five main Gaorangers is called a Beast King Sword. When a Gaoranger inserts a Gao Jewel corresponding to one of several Power Animals into the hilt of one of these swords, they can summon that specific Power Animal.
→ GaoYellow also uses a special weapon called the Eagle Sword; inside its hilt there are two feather-themed dirks.

 GekiYellow

→ All of the Gekirangers are martial artists who practice different styles. GekiYellow uses Cheetah Ken (primarily focused on fast punches and kicks and will or endurance rather than precise technique), Elephant Ken (a style that utilizes meteor hammer/ball-and-chain flail techniques using the GekiHammer), and Penguin Ken (irrelevant to this list because the Gokaigers don't use the Gekirangers' individual mechas, but this style emulates board sports through GekiPenguin).
→ GekiYellow can use the GekiHammer, a ball-and-chain flail weapon essential to Elephant Ken. The distance the GekiHammer can reach is dependent upon the amount of Geki (which is for all intents and purposes a type of Qi) infused in it by the user.
→ GekiYellow also uses the GekiTonfa, but generally only uses the Long Baton form, by snapping the two tonfa together and extending the long ends.

GingaYellow

→ Each Gingaman carries a Starbeast Sword, the standard sidearm for the team. It can perform the individual special attacks of the Gingamen or be shortened into a dagger when not in use.
→ The Gingamen also carry another kind of blade, Mechanical Blade Kiba; these are fang-shaped blades that have varied shapes from member to member. Each Kiba can transform into one of five modes -- Cutter, Shot, Claw, Arrow, or Knives. GingaYellow favors the Kiba Knives.

Go-On Yellow

→ The Go-Ongers' primary sidearm is the Self Changing Mantan Gun. It has a Rod Mode and Gun Mode. In Rod Mode, it is used for close contact battle. Gun Mode is self-explanatory, even though it closely resembles a gas pump more than anything.
→ Go-on Yellow's personal weapon is the Racing Bullet. It can be fired at high speed at an enemy from a launcher located on the arm.

GoYellow

 → The members of the GoGo-V team's suits are called Anti-Hazard Suits; the suits are equipped with a Searcher Scope, a built-in scope that can see through objects, and an Access Scope, another built-in scope that can scan enemy information.
→ The sidearm of the GoGo-V crew is called the Five Laser. With Gun Mode and Stick Mode, it can be quite versatile, especially as the Laser Grip attached to it can be used with other weapons they carry.
→  In addition to the standard suits and sidearms, the team has several attacks related to the V-Mode Braces that help maintain the suits. There is a V-Mode Shield, as well as several melee attacks such as the V-Mode Punch, V-Mode Chop and V-Mode Crash.
→ GoGo-V's team also has an upgraded gun, the Go Blaster, which has several different modes. Normal mode is what it says on the tin, a normal gun, but Rescue Mode launches fire-extinguishing bullets and Hyper Mode extends the barrel to create a rifle.
→ Other weapons include the V-Lancer (long lances for slashing attacks), the V-Machine Gun (a combination of the V-Lancer and the Five Laser's Laser Grip), and the V-Boomerang (a V-shaped boomerang that detaches from the shaft of the V-Lancer). GoGo-V has too much stuff.

GoggleYellow

→ All Goggle-V team members carry Goggle Sabers, sword-type weapons.
→ GoggleYellow's personal weapon is the Yellow Ball.

Gosei Yellow

→ The Goseigers operate by utilizing a system of cards corresponding to their tribe's powers. GoseiYellow's power is the power of the Sprout, being from the Landick tribe. There is more information than I can possibly fit in this post but there is a semi-comprehensive explanation available here.

Hurricane Yellow

→ The Hurricanegers' transformation device, the Hurricane Gyro, is capable of shooting out little disk-like shuriken called Gyro Shuriken.
→ The standard sword-based sidearm weapon of the Hurricanegers is the Portable Ninja Sword Hayatemaru. It can be combined with its sheath and used as a rifle, as well.
→ Hurricane Yellow's personal weapon is the Quake Hammer. It resembles a squeak-mallet (yes, seriously) and can be used for heavy hits to a opponent, or pound the ground to force the opponent out of the ground if they burrowed into it to get out of harm's way.

KiRanger

→ KiRanger, being a member of the Gorangers, has removable rockets named Birdies on the side of the belt for flying, as every Goranger does; they can also pull out a visor, which turns into their respective weapon.
→ The Gorangers as a unit often perform an attack called the Goranger Hurricane. In this attack, MomoRanger (their pink variant) produces a finned, multicoloured bomb roughly the size of an American football, and similarly shaped. It is passed among the rangers much like a soccer ball until it can be launched towards the enemy, at which time it transforms into an object meant to counter the monster's power. Sometimes it does this by way of terrible puns. ... we're all very sorry.
→ KiRanger also has special Ki Stickers, in Rock, Paper and Scissors Attachments.

KirinRanger

→ The Dairangers all carry a weapon called a Dairen Rod, but each member has a different individual blade attached. KirinRanger's is called a RodArrow, and it forms a spear. It also transforms into a special, upgraded form -- KirinRanger's is called the Qilin 9-Part Whip, a segmented whip.
→ Dairangers also come equipped with two sidearms, the Star Sword (a longsword) and the Star Cutter (a dagger). These can be combined to form the Dai Buster, a laser gun (the barrel is formed by the Star Sword, and the grip is formed by the Star Cutter).
→ The whole Dairanger team is able to use their Qi to launch their circular blades, the Dairinkens, from their palms much like a chakram.
→ KirinRanger specializes in drunken fist martial arts.

MagiYellow

→ Magirangers fight using magic, and are equipped with a form of wand, called a Magi Stick. MagiYellow's Magi Stick transforms into a crossbow.

MegaYellow

→ Each Megaranger carries one Mega Sniper (a gun-type sidearm) in their holster. The individual Mega Sniper can split apart into two smaller weapons, the Mega Magnum and Mega Shot for the TwinShoot attack. Each Mega Sniper can also be attached to each Ranger's special weapon as an upgrade.
→ MegaYellow's personal weapon is called the Mega Sling. It resembles a sling shot. When combined with the Mega Sniper, it creates the Sling Sniper.

NinjaYellow

→ The main weapon of the Kakurangers is the Secret Sword Kakuremaru. Passed down from their ancestors, they enable each Kakuranger to perform their own special attack.
→ Each Kakuranger also possesses a Shinobi Knuckle. Part gauntlet, part grappling device, it increases punching power and can attach to each Kakuranger's individual weapon.
→ The Kakurangers also have a flintlock pistol sidearm called the Kakulaser. Concealed inside is a small knife called the Laser Knife.
→ NinjaYellow's individual weapon is called the Yellow Claw. Mounted to the wrist, it's a tri-claw device that can be used to launch at enemies or swing from poles if launched and latched to one.

OhYellow

→ The Ohrangers carry sword-like sidearms called Battle Sticks. They can be combined with the King Blasters to form King Smasher weapons.
→ The secondary sidearm is a laser pistol called the King Blaster. They are combined with Battle Sticks to become the King Smasher, but can also be combined with the Ohrangers' individual weapons to upgrade them.
→ OhYellow's personal weapon is the Twin Baton, a pair of strong nunchaku.

ShinkenYellow

→ The Shinkengers' transformation devide, the Shodophone, can be switched into Brush Mode and used as an improvisational weapon in battle. After switching the Shodophone into Brush Mode, the user can draw a specific kanji on the air and, using mojikara, call forth whatever that specific symbol indicates ("boulder," for example, or "water" or "heal").
→ The Shinkengers all carry katana-styled sword sidearms called Shinkenmaru. The Shinkenmaru relies heavily on the utilization of the Secret Disks from the buckle of the Shinkengers' belts for effective use; by sliding the Secret Disk into place as a hand guard and spinning it, the Shinkenmaru acts as a praxinoscope and powers up depending on what Secret Disk is being used. Spinning the Common Secret Disk that every Shinkenger has fast enough will change the Shinkenmaru into each user's individual weapon.
→ Shinken Yellow's personal weapon is the Land Slicer. Resembling a very large tri-blade shuriken, it can be used one-handed in close combat or thrown like a boomerang (including return) for long-range attacks.

TigerRanger

→ The primary sidearm for the Zyurangers was the Ranger Stick. It can be reformed into the Ranger Gun or Ranger Sword (both of which are what they say on the tin) depending on what is needed.
→ TigerRanger's personal weapons are the Saber Daggers, a simple pair of metal daggers that can be used in close quarters and thrown for long-range attacks.

TimeYellow

→ The Timerangers' main weapons are a pair of swords called the Double Vector; individually, they're called Spark Vectors and Arrow Vectors. They can be joined to create the Twin Vector, executing finishing moves by slashing in directions mimicking hands on a clock.
→ Each Timeranger has an individual Vol Weapon, a two-handed blaster. TimeYellow's is the VolVulcan.

Vul Panther

→ The standard-issue weapons for the Sun Vulcans are called the Vulcan Sticks.
→ Vul Panther also has a Vulcan Ball. Unfortunately, Taiyou Sentai Sun Vulcan is from 1981, and Gokaiger didn't do a focus episode on them, so I may never actually find out what the hell a Vulcan Ball is actually for.

Yellow Flash

→ The sidearm for every Flashman member is called the Prism Shooter. They can be used as laser guns, or separated into a sword and shield.
→ Yellow Flash's personal weapon is a pair of club-like batons called the Prism Batons. They don't have much reach, but they're quite powerful.

Yellow Four

→ All Biomen are armed with Bioswords which have three modes: sword, short sword, and gun.
→ Yellow Four also uses the Thunder Sword and Bio Arrow.

Yellow Lion

→ All members of the Liveman team have a Live Blaster; it can be used as a gun or separated into a sword and shield.
→ Yellow Lion also uses the Lion Punch and Lion Bazooka.

Yellow Mask

→ The standard sidearm of the Maskmen is the Laser Magnum.
→ Yellow Mask also uses the Masky Rotor.

Yellow Owl

→ Jetman's standard sidearm is the Bird Blaster, a gun-type weapon. They are also equipped with Bringer Swords, a type of longsword, and Beak Smashers, a more advanced gun with seeker lasers.
→ Every member of Jetman also has Wing Gauntlets. Equipped with electrowaves, they enable the user to perform the Wing Punch technique, and fire Wing Beams.

Yellow Turbo

→ The Turborangers' sidearms are the Turbo Lasers, guns that can be used as a laser gun or transformed into a sword.
→ Yellow Turbo's personal weapon is the B Bowgun.